The letter also occurs in some languages which have adopted German names or spellings, but is not a part of these languages' alphabets.
In German dictionaries, the letter is collated together with A, while in German phonebooks the letter is collated as AE. The digraph ⟨äu⟩ is used for the fronting diphthong (otherwise spelled with ⟨eu⟩) when it acts as the umlauted form of the backing diphthong (spelled ⟨au⟩) compare Baum 'tree' with Bäume 'trees'. Referring to the glyph as A-Umlaut is an uncommon practice, and would be ambiguous, as that term also refers to Germanic a-mutation. In German, it is called Ä (pronounced ) or Umlaut-A. It represents the umlauted form of a ( when short), resulting in (or for many speakers) in the case of the long and in the case of the short. Bolognese bän "well" and żänt "people".Ī similar glyph, A with umlaut, appears in the German alphabet. In Emilian-Romagnol ä is used to represent, occurring in some Emilian dialects, e.g. The letter is also used in some Romani alphabets. Estonian gained the letter through high and extensive exposure to German, with Low German throughout centuries of effective Baltic German rule, and to Swedish, during the 160 years of Estonia as a part of the Swedish Empire until 1721. Although the phenomenon of Germanic umlaut does not exist in Finnish, the phoneme /æ/ does. In the Icelandic, Faroese, Danish and Norwegian alphabets, " Æ" is still used instead of Ä.įinnish adopted the Swedish alphabet during the 700 years that Finland was part of Sweden. The letter Ä arose in German and later in Swedish from originally writing the E in AE on top of the A, which with time became simplified as two dots. In the Nordic countries, the vowel sound was originally written as " Æ" when Christianisation caused the former Vikings to start using the Latin alphabet around A.D. The sign at the bus station of the Finnish town Mynämäki, illustrating an artistic variation of the letter Ä.
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